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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) about Physical Resources for Big FolksThis document contains information about resources for dealing with the physical ramifications of being fat. If you don't find what you're looking for here, try one of the related FAQs (see question B1 for a complete list).
Updated Oct 00 ContentsSECTION A: FAQs about resources for dealing with the physical aspects of being fat
SECTION B: Information about this FAQSECTION A: FAQs about resources for dealing with the physical aspects of being fatA1) Where can I find scales to weigh a very large person?One option is to use two regular bathroom scales. Put one foot on each scale and add the weights indicated on each of them. This method may give you a slightly inaccurate weight. To minimize the inaccuracy, put the scales as close together as possible.Another option is to find an accurate outdoor freight scale, and use it after hours to weigh yourself. You will probably need to bring someone else along to read the weight, since the display is usually physically separated from the scales themselves. (One person uses the freight scale at a local hospital.) A final option is to use a beam balance scale (the kind of scale in most doctors' offices). Beam balance scales have a hook on the end of the beam from which you can hang a counterweight. This hook makes it possible to weigh a person who weighs more than the scale is marked up to. Your doctor should have some counterweights for just this purpose. If they don't, you can kludge it. Weigh a person on the scale (one whose weight the scale can measure). Then, hang something from the hook (like a stethoscope). Weigh the same person again. The difference between the two weights is the amount the stethoscope subtracts. Now, weigh yourself with the stethoscope on the scale. Add the amount the scale reads to the amount the stethoscope subtracts, and you have your weight.
A2) What can be done about discomfort in hot, sticky weather?Radiance Magazine has a good article on the web about hot weather health care for fat people ("Don't Sweat It"): http://www.radiancemagazine.com/summer_99_surviving_summer.htmMany fat people get rashes on their thighs, under their breasts, or under belly folds. Some folks experience discoloration of their thighs as a result of chafing. To prevent thigh chafing, you can wear clothing that covers your thighs, such as:
Some people apply ointments to the chafing surfaces, such as:
A medical note on thigh irritation from md@wwa.com: It is possible [...] to get an infection in the area between the thighs, known as hidradenitis supportiva. Hidradenitis is an infection of a type of sweat gland [...] and may appear to look like a bad boil. This is a serious condition that can become quite resistant to treatment, extensive in spread, and be debilitating, so if you should develop this kind of infection, or think you may have, you must get good medical care for it right away.There is a support group on line for Hidradenitis Suppurativa. Contact stesia@cyberhighway.net for more information. To keep skin dry and prevent irritation, some people apply powder after bathing. The powder absorbs moisture and acts as a dry lubricant, preventing your skin from rubbing against itself. Try:
There is an article on the web by a doctor that addresses yeast/skin infections in fat people. People deal with rashes in the following ways:
Socks that are treated to absorb foot sweat and reduce food odor work surprisingly well.
A3) How can I make traveling on an airplane more comfortable?The two main things that affect the comfort of big people who are flying are seatbelt extenders and seat space.SEATBELT EXTENDERSIf the seatbelt on an airplane doesn't fit you, you need to use a seatbelt extender. All airplanes carry them -- flight attendants use them to demonstrate how to fasten your seatbelt. Airlines win points for being discreet and polite with seatbelt extenders. If you get a pre-assigned seat, you may be able to ask the airline or your travel agent to put an extender on the belt for that seat in advance. Otherwise, you can ask the flight attendant for one.If you prefer to bring your own extender. Amplestuff (see Other Resources) sells two styles of seatbelt extenders that work with most airplane seatbelts (ones with square or teardrop style fasteners -- note that Southwest and Qantas use non-standard fasteners). The ones they sell are somewhat longer than the ones passed out on planes. SEAT SPACEAirlines win points for being polite and helpful about trying to save an empty seat beside a big person, and for telling folks where the roomiest seats are and trying to seat them there.A book called Airline Seating Guide lists the measurements of every seat in every airplane, including which seats have extra leg or hip room. It's available from Carlson Publishing, PO Box 888, Los Alamitos, California, 90720. A republished copy of the old Consumer Reports article on airline seat widths is on grandstyle.com at http://www.grandstyle.com/roomycoa.htm. Seat size varies from plane to plane (even within the same airline and model). New planes are likely to have similar-sized seats. But if an airline uses older planes or a variety of models, there's no predicting what size the seats will be. Try calling the customer service reps and asking them about the seat sizes on the plane you'll be flying (you can find out the type of plane from your travel agent or the airline). Propellor and turbo-prop planes tend to have narrower seats than jets. Bulkhead or door seats do not have a row of seats in front of them, so you get more leg room, and no one will lower their chair into your face. However, the tray tables fold out of the arm rests and you can't raise the arm rests. On a small plane with no physical divider between first class and coach, the seats directly behind the first class seats tend to have the same pluses and minuses as bulkhead seats. Exit row seats sometimes have more leg room. First class or business class seats tend to be wider with more leg room, but the arm rests can't be raised. Frequently the arm rests are wide enough to put drinks and food on. If you prefer first or business class, you may want to ask about the possibility of an upgrade. Some airlines will let you upgrade for a small charge, some will upgrade you for free; some will let you upgrade if economy class is full. Frequent travelers report that it's easier to get an upgrade if you wear business clothing. To get a few extra inches of space, board as soon as possible, and when you sit down, immediately lift the arm rest. If someone sits next to you, they generally won't bother to put the arm rest back down, and you'll both have more room. To increase your chance of having an empty seat next to you, try the following:
If you think you may have trouble negotiating the aisles, get on when pre-boarding is announced. On many planes, you can fold down a seat by pushing on the back, which can provide extra room for settling yourself in your chair. Airplane tray tables get in the way of the stomachs of some fat people. Try these solutions:
A4) What models of cars work best for big folks?The consensus on cars is: there is no consensus on cars. Everyone is shaped slightly differently, and what one large person loves, another large person hates. That said, here are some guidelines on buying cars, followed by a list of makes and models that some big folks have found work (or don't work) for them.Test drive everything you can lay your hands on. Avoid preconceptions -- check out all the cars in your price range. Once you find a car you think you like, try to rent it for a week or so. You learn much more about a car when you spend some time with it. When you check out a car, here are some things to think about: SEATINGIf the fit is almost there, an auto upholstery shop, body shop, or shop specializing in modifications for special needs (such as Mobility Systems in Berkeley, Calif.) can move or lower a car seat, add or take away the seat's padding, install pedal extenders or a smaller steering wheel, and so on. All U.S. car companies will help pay for adaptations in new cars for the physically handicapped.
SEATBELTSMany car companies offer seatbelt extenders and some will customize seatbelts for free. Unfortunately, car seatbelts vary a lot, even within models -- there is no universal extender. The only way to get the correct extender for your car is to go to the parts department of your dealership. Honda owners may be able to sweet-talk a Nissan parts manager into trying to figure out which is the corresponding part (but recently people have run into trouble with this--a Nissan Vehicle Identification Number may be required to order an extender). Nissan and Honda buy their belts from the same belt makers, but Honda does not offer seatbelt extenders. (If you do this be very sure you are not voiding your insurance coverage, your warranty, or you right to sue if the belt breaks in an accident. You have to get everyone's permission in writing, and this procedure can cost you a few hundred dollars.) Here are some web sites which may help anyone trying to get seat belt extenders:
If you haven't bought the car yet, get it *in writing* (very important) that they will provide you with extenders, or replace the belts for long-enough ones at no charge to you. Companies reported to be good about seatbelt modifications include:
Other solutions for too-short seatbelts:
AIRBAGSAirbags may be dangerous for people who sit within 10-12 inches of the steering wheel (measured from the center of the wheel to the center of the chest) or the passenger side dashboard. This includes people under 5'3" and many large people. If a person sits that close, the airbag may cause serious damage because it opens explosively. The US federal government has issued new guidelines for airbag on-off switches to be fitted to some vehicles. To obtain the switch, get a safety brochure and form from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, a dealership, repair shop, state motor vehicle office, or other location. The form requests information on the vehicle and the reason for fitting the switch. It also contains a section where the consumer acknowledges the risk of turning off the air bag. The NHTSA will then send an authorization letter so you can have your air bag switch installed. They will begin processing these forms until Dec. 18, but the switches won't be available until after the first of the year. Also consider pedal extenders, which may allow you to sit farther back from the steering wheel. Note that even without airbags, people who sit close to the steering wheel may be at greater risk for injury from the steering wheel itself.REACH, ENTRY, AND EXIT
CARS SOME BIG FOLKS LOVEThe makes and models listed are for the U.S. market unless so noted.BMW 7-series Buick: Century '85, Crown Victoria '92, Riviera '84 Camaro Z28, '94 Chevrolet: Caprice Classic, Cavalier (but not the '96 model), Lumina '93 Malibu '98, S-10 Extended Cab Truck, Chrysler: Town & Country, LHS (Canada), Le Baron '85 Dodge: 600SE '86, Caravan '94, '97 Sport, Dakota, Durango, Intrepid '95, '96, Canadian model, and others, Ram '94, Spirit Eagle Vision Ford: Aerostar, Crown Victoria (US) 92, Crown Victoria (Canada), Econoline Van 1978-1985 E250 series and 150 '87, Escort '97, Expedition, Explorer '91, Festiva, Ranger '95 and F/250, Taurus 90, '94, '98, and others, Windstar, F150 '94, '98 Geo Metro Honda: Accord '89, '92, CRX '90, Civic (hatchback, sedan, and station wagon), Civic Del Sol, Prelude Infiniti G20 (larger than the J30 and Q45) Integra Isuzu Trooper Jeep: Cherokee, Grand Wagoneer '85 Mazda: 323 2-door hatchback '91, '94, 626 89, '91, pickup, Protege Mercedes: 300, ML320 (M class), S-Class Mercury: Cougar, Grand Marquis (Canada), Marauder, Sable, Tracer '91 Nissan: 300ZX '91, Altima, Bluebird (U.K.), Maxima '95, Quest, Sentra '89, '91, and others Oldsmobile: Calais, Cutlass Supreme '89, Delta '79 Plymouth: Acclaim '93, Breeze, Caravan, Voyager '92 Pontiac: Bonneville (Canada), Firefly, Grand Am, Grand Prix '94 Saab 900, '92 Saturn: SL '94, SL-1 (4-door has more headroom than 2-door), SL-2, L Subaru Legacy L '98 Suzuki Sidekick JX, '90 Toyota: Avalon, Camry '88, 92, 94, 95, 99, Corolla, Previa '92, Sienna Volkswagen: Campmobile '78, Golf '85, '89, Jetta, Model 412 '72, Quantum '83, Rabbit Volvo: 300 series (U.K.), Sedan '82 '95 CARS SOME BIG FOLKS HATEChevrolet: Cavalier, vans Eagle Talon Ford: Bronco, Crown Victoria, Explorer, Escort, Neon, T-Bird, Tempo '93 and others, Taurus '97 and others Jeep Cherokee Lincoln Town Car, 88 Mazda MPV '91 Mercury: Lynx, Tracer Mitsubishi Galant Nissan: 240SX, Sentra Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme (Canada) Plymouth Reliant Station Wagon, '85 Pontiac SunBird Saturn Subaru Outback Toyota Corolla '90 Volvo station wagon A5) What can be done about pants prematurely wearing out in the inner thigh?There are several theories on why pants wear out prematurely in the inner thigh:
A6) What about recreation and travel for big folks?TRAVEL AGENCIESAccess First Travel Malden, Mass. Phone: (800) 557-2047. This is a travel agency specializing in travel for people with disabilities. They publish a newsletter. A poster writes: "I found no references of course to access for people of size, but there is mention of inclines, doorway widths and the like. [...] Maybe someone who has the time and inclination can call/write/whatever and ask them to include accessibility notes of interest to fat people." Flightbookers London Phone: 0171 757 2702 Email: flightbookers@dial.pipex.com (Put 'To Grace' in the subject heading) Flightbookers has a fat-positive travel agent who goes by the name "Grace." Her personal web site with travel notes for large people is at http://www.geocities.com/SouthBeach/Boardwalk/8904/index.html. Greater Salt Lake Clothing Company P.O. Box 171422 Salt Lake City, Utah 84117-1422 Phone: 801-273-8700 Fax: 801-273-7700 E-Mail: sales@gslcc.com Web: www.gslcc.com Sponsors ski and river trips for plus-size women. Travel Enterprises Phone: 800-239-8269 Specializes in discount first class and business class airline tickets. CRUISESMany cruise ships have very small bathrooms and a lot of stairs. A few ships are wheelchair accessible (standard adult wheelchairs are 26 inches wide). Check for ships that offer elevators, roomy bathrooms, larger staterooms, seating for large people in the dining room, etc.NUDISMYou may be able to charter a boat for a day, and hang out with your friends nude there. Many charter captains and crews are discreet. Check first, though.See also the section on nude beaches and resorts in the Other Resources for Big Folks FAQ.
A7) How do I find pants that fit my waist both sitting and standing?If your waist size changes when you sit, consider buying pants that fit comfortably when you're sitting, and wear suspenders to keep your pants up when you stand. Suspenders with leather straps and buttonholes stay on much better than the ones with metal snaps.Wearing elastic waist pants with loose or stretchy fabric also works for casual dress purposes.
A8) Our bed frames keep breaking, help!!!The first recommendation is to get a very high quality bed frame. No duh. (See U.S. manufacturers in the Resources FAQ.) Enlist the sales staff in helping you find a bed that won't break. They should know their products, and what is best-made and strongest. If they can't help you or look at you funny, go somewhere else.There are two kinds of bed frames -- bed frames with legs, and platform beds. BED FRAMES WITH LEGSBed frames with legs usually have legs at the corners, a rectangle of wood or metal on top of the legs, and slats or springs across the rectangular frame, on which the mattress rests. Some folks think the wood is stronger, some folks think the metal is stronger. Some like antiques (particularly cast iron.) When buying a bed frame, pay attention to the thickness and weight of the slats and legs, and the strength of the attachments.To strengthen a bed frame with legs, you can:
PLATFORM BED FRAMESPlatforms are usually used with waterbeds or futons, but you can also put a mattress (or a mattress and box spring, though that may make the bed very high) on a platform. Waterbed frames are very strong, made to hold hundreds of gallons of water. Solid wood (or plywood) is stronger than pressboard (one person reported that after a year of use, her bed fell through the pressboard platform). A frame with drawers underneath may be stronger than a regular frame.If you want a single- or double-bag waterbed, get a bag with lap seams and not butt seams. (Lap seams are stronger and harder to make "run" if there is a leak.) You can also buy a water mattress with several tubes, rather than one big bag. There is less turbulence in a tube-style waterbed and you don't push all the water to the sides as you get out. Tube-style waterbeds can also be filled so one side of the bed is firmer than the other. You can stiffen the sideboards of a platform bed with metal rails attached at several points. This will help minimize twisting of the sideboard as you enter or exit the bed. OTHER SOLUTIONSSleep on a pair of twin beds pushed together. There's less dip in the middle, and less stress on one bed. You can use king-size linen and blankets to cover the whole bed and add eggshell foam to the section where the beds meet.Sleep on mattresses on the floor (if you don't mind getting up off the floor!). Put the whole works -- mattress and box springs -- on the floor. "Pillow top" mattress sets are especially thick and the bed may not be much lower than a standard mattress set on a frame. The side rails hold the mattress on the box spring.
A9) My tie looks funny for some reason.Reasons why a tie might not look right on a large man:1) Your shirt collar is not wide enough for your neck. Try the following:
Try using a half Windsor or full Windsor knot. Both take up more area than a traditional American four-in-hand knot. (A full Windsor takes up the most area and looks more symmetrical. However, it may cause your tie to be too short.) Gregor (gregor@nando.net) describes how to tie a full Windsor: Wrap the tie around your neck, and cross the ends with the wide side in front; then bring the wide end up and through the opening formed; wrap around to your right for TWO revolutions, and finally bring the end up through the loop formed and under the outer layer of wrap. This differs from the commonly used Windsor knot in having the second wrap around the knot. This makes a significantly bulkier knot. You can also get a little extra width by making sure the end tucked through comes through straight; holding a finger raised under it as it is drawn through seems to help. Don't over-tighten the knot; the looser the better for bulk.You'll probably need to shorten the narrow end, and may have little of it left when you're though. I will sometimes paper clip the tiny loose end behind the tie.3) Your tie is too short to reach your belt. Sometimes this also makes the tie look funny up at the knot, because you're knotting the tie up where it's skinnier, so the knot takes up less room. This one is easy to fix: Buy a long tie (made for tall men).
A10) Where can I find medical products for large-size people? (wheelchairs, blood pressure cuffs)NOTE: For specific companies, see the "Other Resources for Big Folks" FAQ.
WheelchairsStandard wheelchairs are 22 inches wide. It's not easy to find a wider one. Here are some suggestions:
Home Blood Pressure MonitorsThe standard size blood pressure cuff should not be used on a person with an arm bigger around than 14" or so. It will give a falsely high reading.Options are to use a large size cuff (most doctor's offices have them) or thigh cuff on the upper arm, use the standard size cuff on the forearm, or use a wrist cuff. The most economical monitor is a cuff and stethoscope, available at medical supply companies. Some home models come with D-ring cuffs that are easy to put on with one hand, and have the stethescope diaphragm screwed into the cuff so you don't need a hand to hold the stethescope. You can buy these with a regular or large cuff. Learning to take your own blood pressure by stethoscope takes some practice, but once you learn, you can better gauge the accuracy than with an automatic model. Wrist monitors are simple and easy to use. They fit wrists up to 8" around. Omron offers several kinds. They pump and give you a reading automatically. A nurse wrote: "Healthcare professionals will offer varying opinions on their accuracy....but at least it gives a supersized individual ease and comfort of keeping tabs on their pressure at home....I would suggest to anyone using a wrist blood pressure machine to take it when having their pressure checked at their physician's office, health fair, drug store, etc., to see if there is any difference in readings." Open MRI machinesMRI machines are tubes and some big people can't fit into them. Some "open" MRI machines are available and may be able to accommodate big folks (as well as folks with claustrophobia).
SECTION B: Information about this FAQB1) Are there other related FAQs?There is some overlap in the topics covered by the FAQs. If you don't find what you're looking for here, try the other FAQs.The latest version of the following FAQs can be found at: http://www.cat-and-dragon.com/~stef/Fatfaqs/
You can also find (sometimes slightly older versions of) the above FAQs (except the plus-size pregnancy FAQs) at the following locations:
You can also get FAQs from rtfm.mit.edu via anonymous FTP or via the mail archive server. For information about the mail server, send email to mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu with the word "help" (without the quotes) in the body of the message.
B2) Posting informationThis document is posted bi-weekly to alt.support.big-folks, soc.support.fat-acceptance, and soc.support.fat-acceptance.moderated.Stef Maruch (stef@cat-and-dragon.com) maintains this FAQ.
B3) ContributorsThese are the people who contributed significant chunks to the FAQ:Sasha Wood (Sasha.Wood@cs.cmu.edu) Mary-Anne G. Wolf (mgw@world.std.com) Suggestions for additions/improvements are always welcome.
Copyright 1995, 1996 by Stef Jones (stef@cat-and-dragon.com) |
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